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Darren Aronofsky (born February 12, 1969) is an American film director, screenwriter and film producer. He has received acclaim for his often surreal, disturbing films and has been noted for frequent collaborations with cinematographer Matthew Libatique, film editor Andrew Weisblum and composer Clint Mansell. His films have generated controversy and are known for their often violent, bleak subject matter. "The themes in the six Aronofsky’s films from 1998 to 2014 include the search for perfection, the search for happiness, longing for love, intoxication with publicity, the pain of alienation, and the burden of responsibility."〔 Skorin-Kapov, Jadranka (2015) (Darren Aronofsky's Films and the Fragility of Hope ), Bloomsbury Academic〕 Aronofsky attended Harvard University, where he studied film and social anthropology, and the American Film Institute where he studied directing. He won several film awards after completing his senior thesis film, ''Supermarket Sweep'', which went on to become a National Student Academy Award finalist. Aronofsky's feature debut, the surrealist psychological thriller ''Pi'', was shot in November 1997. The low-budget, $60,000 production, starring Sean Gullette, was sold to Artisan Entertainment for $1 million, and grossed over $3 million; Aronofsky won the Directing Award at the 1998 Sundance Film Festival and an Independent Spirit Award for best first screenplay. Aronofsky's followup, the psychological drama ''Requiem for a Dream'', was based on the novel of the same name by Hubert Selby, Jr. The film garnered strong reviews and received an Academy Award nomination for Ellen Burstyn's performance. After turning down an opportunity to direct an entry in the ''Batman'' film series and writing the World War II horror film ''Below'', Aronofsky began production on his third film, the romantic fantasy sci-fi drama ''The Fountain''. The film received mixed reviews and performed poorly at the box-office, but has since garnered a cult following. His fourth film, the sports drama ''The Wrestler'', was released to critical acclaim and both of the film's stars, Mickey Rourke and Marisa Tomei, received Academy Award nominations. In 2010 Aronofsky was an executive producer on ''The Fighter'' and his fifth feature film, the psychological horror film ''Black Swan'', received further critical acclaim and many accolades, being nominated for five Academy Awards including Best Picture and Best Director and winning Best Actress for Natalie Portman's performance in the film. Aronofsky received nominations for Best Director at the Golden Globes, and a Directors Guild of America Award nomination. His sixth film, the biblically inspired epic ''Noah'', was released in theaters on March 28, 2014. ==Early life and education== Aronofsky was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1969, the son of public school teachers Charlotte and Abraham Aronofsky. He grew up in the borough's Manhattan Beach neighborhood, where "I was raised culturally Jewish, but there was very little spiritual attendance in temple. It was a cultural thing—celebrating the holidays, knowing where you came from, knowing your history, having respect for what your people have been through."〔 He graduated from Edward R. Murrow High School. He has one sister, Patti, who attended a professional ballet school through high school. His parents would often take him to Broadway theater performances, which sparked his keen interest in show business.〔 Undated; updated version of story from ''The Star'', 1998, n.d.〕 During his youth, he trained as a field biologist with The School for Field Studies in Kenya in 1985 and Alaska in 1986.〔("Alumni: Darren Aronofsky" ), The School for Field Studies (official site), 2009-12-22〕 He attended school in Kenya to pursue an interest in learning about ungulates.〔 He later said, "()he School for Field Studies changed the way I perceived the world".〔 Aronofsky's interest in the outdoors led him to backpack his way through Europe and the Middle East.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Darren Aronofsky Biography )〕 In 1987 he entered Harvard University, where he majored in social anthropology and studied filmmaking; he graduated in 1991. He became seriously interested in film while attending Harvard after befriending Dan Schrecker, an aspiring animator. He met Sean Gullette at Harvard, who would go on to star in Aronofsky's first film, ''Pi''. His other cinematic influences included Akira Kurosawa, Roman Polanski,〔 Terry Gilliam, Shinya Tsukamoto,〔 Hubert Selby, Jr.〔 Spike Lee,〔 and Jim Jarmusch. Aronofsky's senior thesis film, ''Supermarket Sweep'', was a finalist in the 1991 Student Academy Awards. In 1992, Aronofsky received his MFA degree in directing from the AFI Conservatory, where his classmates included Todd Field, Doug Ellin, Scott Silver and Mark Waters.〔("Darren Aronofsky: 10 things you need to know about the Oscar-nominated director" ), Mirror.co.uk, 2011-02-25〕 〔Kay, Jeremy. ("Mark Waters to receive AFI's Franklin J Schaffner Alumni Medal" ), ScreenDaily.com, 2008-06-09〕 He won the institute's Franklin J. Schaffner Alumni Medal.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 title =Franklin J. Schaffner Award )〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Darren Aronofsky」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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